The Arthashastra by Kauṭalya.

The Arthashastra is an ancient Sanskrit treatise on statecraft, economics, and military strategy attributed to Kauṭalya, the chief minister of the Mauryan Empire. Written between the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, this foundational text offers a comprehensive guide to governance, covering everything from revenue collection and treasury management to diplomacy, espionage, and the organization of state institutions.

The work is structured into 15 books that address the duties of the king, the organization of administrative departments, laws of commerce, international relations, and the conduct of war. Unlike purely philosophical texts, it presents practical, often unsentimental advice grounded in the author's observations of how states actually function. Scholars regard it as essential to understanding ancient Indian political thought and administrative systems, with parallels drawn to Machiavelli's The Prince in its focus on pragmatic, effective governance over moral idealism.

This 1923 edition makes the classical text accessible to modern readers, presenting translations and commentary that illuminate Kauṭalya's insights for students of history, political science, philosophy, and economics. The manuscript has influenced thinkers across centuries and remains cited in discussions of ancient South Asian civilization.

• Original author: Kauṭalya (also known as Chanakya)
• Publication year: 1923
• Subject areas: Statecraft, economics, military strategy, governance
• Historical period: Mauryan Empire (4th-3rd century BCE)
• Relevance: Foundational text in Indian political philosophy and administration

Available for order with Cash on Delivery across Pakistan. Free nationwide delivery on qualifying orders.